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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades^1,2,3,4. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state⁵. Signaling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding⁶. Examples of interacting GPCRs include the adenosine A1 receptor/ADORA1, CNR1, and FPR2^7,8,9. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modulated by numerous regulatory proteins¹⁰. Signaling is mediated via effector proteins, such as adenylate cyclase: inhibits adenylate cyclase activity of ADCY1, ADCY5 and ADCY6, leading to decreased intracellular cAMP levels. Plays an important role in the activation of the transcription factor NFAT in endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis¹¹. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli. Plays an essential role for neutrophil recruitment in the context of acute inflammation suggesting a linked function of both GNAI2 in neutrophils and endothelial cells for polymorphonuclear neutrophils transmigration (By similarity). Regulates the cell surface density of dopamine receptors DRD2 by sequestrating them as an intracellular pool.

AlphaFold DB , UniProt , Accession P04899, Species HUMAN (Homo sapiens, Human), Gene GNAI2, Length 355 aa.