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11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1

Controls the reversible conversion of biologically active glucocorticoids such as cortisone to cortisol, and 11-dehydrocorticosterone to corticosterone in the presence of NADP(H)^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}. Participates in the corticosteroid receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory response, as well as metabolic and homeostatic processes^11,12,13,14. Plays a role in the secretion of aqueous humor in the eye, maintaining a normotensive, intraocular environment¹⁵. Bidirectional in vitro, predominantly functions as a reductase in vivo, thereby increasing the concentration of active glucocorticoids^16,17,18,19. It has broad substrate specificity, besides glucocorticoids, it accepts other steroid and sterol substrates^{20,21,22,23,24}. Interconverts 7-oxo- and 7-hydroxy-neurosteroids such as 7-oxopregnenolone and 7beta-hydroxypregnenolone, 7-oxodehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxy-5-androstene-7,17-dione) and 7beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (3beta,7beta-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one), among others²⁵. Catalyzes the stereo-specific conversion of the major dietary oxysterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7-oxocholesterol), into the more polar 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol metabolite^26,27. 7-oxocholesterol is one of the most important oxysterols, it participates in several events such as induction of apoptosis, accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, lipid peroxidation, and induction of foam cell formation²⁸. Mediates the 7-oxo reduction of 7-oxolithocholate mainly to chenodeoxycholate, and to a lesser extent to ursodeoxycholate, both in its free form and when conjugated to glycine or taurine, providing a link between glucocorticoid activation and bile acid metabolism²⁹. Catalyzes the synthesis of 7-beta-25-dihydroxycholesterol from 7-oxo-25-hydroxycholesterol in vitro, which acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2) and may thereby regulate immune cell migration³⁰.

AlphaFold DB , UniProt , Accession P28845, Species HUMAN (Homo sapiens, Human), Gene HSD11B1, Length 292 aa.